Visual separation works. It has worked countless times and will work countless more. But it works only under one condition: that the pilots who invoke it hold those words to their fullest meaning. A look into two accidents caused by the same normalized deviance

When you think about the song “American Pie”, what comes to mind first? Is it nostalgia from easier times, scenes of the movie under the same title, or singing around a campfire? The eight-and-a-half minute opus has a special place in my playlist; not only does it bring memories of late night celebration with lifelong friends, but stands as the initial spark that first pulled me into aviation human factors. The song, which serves a bit of a eulogy to the 1960s, centers around